Lương Huy Hoàng
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1. Thông tin chung
Citrus (Citrus L. from Rutaceae) is a prominent world fruit crop that includes active phytochemicals that can protect health. Citrus fruit peels are employed because they have unique qualities, including smell and a strong flavor, are a good source of vitamin C, and are also abundant in both medicinal qualities and a high acidity value. Citrus fruits are often consumed as fresh products, juice, and most commonly, the peel is discarded as waste, even though it contains a diverse range of secondary components with significant antioxidant activity compared to other fruit sections. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, global citrus fruit production has increased significantly in recent years, reaching 144 million metric tons. As a result, a considerable volume of peel is produced each year. The epicarp or flavedo (colored peripheral surface) and mesocarp or albedo (soft white center layer) of citrus peels are separated. Several studies have found that citrus contains polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, essential oils, and carotenoids, making it a health-promoting fruit. Citrus fruits have also been found to be a good source of several natural chemicals, including prenyloxycoumarins such as auraptene, bergamottin, imperatorin, heraclenin, oxypeucedanin, and many others discovered from citrus juice and peel extracts. Citrus fruits contain phenols, amino acids, essential oils, pectin, carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C, all of which have been shown to help prevent degenerative diseases. Citrus fruit peels are used because of their awesome houses, including perfume and sharp flavor, supply of diet vitamin C, and additionally wealthy in medicinal houses alongside excessive acidity value. Microbes use the sugar that is delivered because of their metabolism, and ozone is derived, which may kill the bacteria. The problem of waste management in India is quite complex due to the increasing amount of waste, general awareness, and policies between regions regarding various waste management.
The increase in waste has occurred due to the increase in population, and the generation of waste has become a management issue. In the generation of worldwide industrialization, environmental pollutants have come to be crucial because of the growth in the global population. The effects of trash dumped into landfills are getting worse and reducing the time that landfills may be used. The overall manufacturing of culmination and greens withinside the globe is in growing fashion. At the same time, around 30–40% of the whole manufacturing is being removed as waste because of diverse reasons. Family size and income can be crucial determinants of how much waste is created. Attempts are being made to shield the surroundings by recycling the wastes and employing them for fee-introduced applications. Existing waste management techniques and policies could not keep up with the increase in waste production. The impact of waste sent to landfills continues to increase, reducing the useful life of landfills. Household waste is one source of waste, with 33% of it being inert materials and 48% being organic garbage. Especially in low-income communities, household sweeping on unpaved surfaces produces the majority of the inert material in household solid waste. Food waste is classified as organic solid waste because it contains large amounts of organic matter, which will eventually decompose and produce carbon dioxide and methane. Common disposal methods for disposal of organic waste thrown into landfills have caused serious environmental problems, pollution problems, and health risks to living things. Only a percent of the inhabitants tend to dump trash in nearby bushes. Intensive health counselling is required as practice can lead to the spread of illness. Composting practice is considered one of the recommended methods as it is the most economical and efficient method alongside other management options. Processing household waste into eco-enzyme is one alternative method of biologically processing organic waste.
The manufacture of eco-enzyme through the fermentation of waste of fruits and vegetables becomes a solution to minimize and reduce waste from the source. Continuous production in large quantities with short lead times and low costs is needed to meet the needs of facing increasing amounts of industrial waste. Dissolving insoluble organic compounds into soluble organic compounds is one of the eco-enzymes' capabilities. The presence of protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes will greatly help in the reduction of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats during the decomposition process. The obtained enzyme acts as an antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal agent. It can also use as cleaning agent. The manufacturing of eco-enzyme in the future is to not only contribute to minimizing trash sent to landfills but also the development of eco-enzymes provides a substitute for the usage of synthetic chemicals that are bad for both human health and the environment. The zero-waste framework covers the responsibility of producing materials from waste for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling, defining the zero-waste concept as treating waste to zero or zero states. This thinking is more in line with the approach of philosophical studies that encourage a paradigm shift in the more efficient use and management of natural resources so that all goods or products can be reused. used or broken down in nature. These natural disinfectants are projected to be a better alternative to commercial disinfectants since they will be less expensive and more readily available. Based on this, the objective of the review is to discuss the various source, and synthesis, characteristics, and possible application of the ecoenzymes. Citrus fruit extracts and citrus flavonoids, which have the potential to contain potential biological characteristics because of their phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities, are also the objective of this review, which is focused primarily on the citrus Eco-enzyme.
The increase in waste has occurred due to the increase in population, and the generation of waste has become a management issue. In the generation of worldwide industrialization, environmental pollutants have come to be crucial because of the growth in the global population. The effects of trash dumped into landfills are getting worse and reducing the time that landfills may be used. The overall manufacturing of culmination and greens withinside the globe is in growing fashion. At the same time, around 30–40% of the whole manufacturing is being removed as waste because of diverse reasons. Family size and income can be crucial determinants of how much waste is created. Attempts are being made to shield the surroundings by recycling the wastes and employing them for fee-introduced applications. Existing waste management techniques and policies could not keep up with the increase in waste production. The impact of waste sent to landfills continues to increase, reducing the useful life of landfills. Household waste is one source of waste, with 33% of it being inert materials and 48% being organic garbage. Especially in low-income communities, household sweeping on unpaved surfaces produces the majority of the inert material in household solid waste. Food waste is classified as organic solid waste because it contains large amounts of organic matter, which will eventually decompose and produce carbon dioxide and methane. Common disposal methods for disposal of organic waste thrown into landfills have caused serious environmental problems, pollution problems, and health risks to living things. Only a percent of the inhabitants tend to dump trash in nearby bushes. Intensive health counselling is required as practice can lead to the spread of illness. Composting practice is considered one of the recommended methods as it is the most economical and efficient method alongside other management options. Processing household waste into eco-enzyme is one alternative method of biologically processing organic waste.
The manufacture of eco-enzyme through the fermentation of waste of fruits and vegetables becomes a solution to minimize and reduce waste from the source. Continuous production in large quantities with short lead times and low costs is needed to meet the needs of facing increasing amounts of industrial waste. Dissolving insoluble organic compounds into soluble organic compounds is one of the eco-enzymes' capabilities. The presence of protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes will greatly help in the reduction of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats during the decomposition process. The obtained enzyme acts as an antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal agent. It can also use as cleaning agent. The manufacturing of eco-enzyme in the future is to not only contribute to minimizing trash sent to landfills but also the development of eco-enzymes provides a substitute for the usage of synthetic chemicals that are bad for both human health and the environment. The zero-waste framework covers the responsibility of producing materials from waste for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling, defining the zero-waste concept as treating waste to zero or zero states. This thinking is more in line with the approach of philosophical studies that encourage a paradigm shift in the more efficient use and management of natural resources so that all goods or products can be reused. used or broken down in nature. These natural disinfectants are projected to be a better alternative to commercial disinfectants since they will be less expensive and more readily available. Based on this, the objective of the review is to discuss the various source, and synthesis, characteristics, and possible application of the ecoenzymes. Citrus fruit extracts and citrus flavonoids, which have the potential to contain potential biological characteristics because of their phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities, are also the objective of this review, which is focused primarily on the citrus Eco-enzyme.
- Tên đề tài:Recent trends in utilization of citrus fruits in production of Eco-Enzyme (Xu hướng gần đây trong việc sử dụng vỏ cam quýt để sản xuất Eco-Enzyme)
- Tác giả: Nikhil Benny, Rafeeya Shams, Kshirod Kumar Dash, Vinay Kumar Pandey, Omar Bashir
- Năm: 2023
Tóm tắt:
Eco-enzyme là một hợp chất tự nhiên thường được chiết xuất từ vỏ hoặc phần thừa của cam quýt và nhiều nguồn khác. Đây là dung dịch phức hợp được tạo ra từ quá trình lên men rác thải nhà bếp tươi như vỏ rau, vỏ quả. Nói cách khác, eco-enzyme là một dạng giấm được sản xuất bằng cách lên men rác thải thực phẩm với đường để tạo thành alcohol. Eco-enzyme thường được lên men từ hỗn hợp đường, vỏ trái cây và nước theo tỷ lệ phổ biến là 1:3:10. Bài tổng quan này tập trung nghiên cứu về eco-enzyme chiết xuất từ họ cam chanh (citrus) vì chiết xuất và flavonoid từ họ cam chanh có tiềm năng sở hữu các đặc tính sinh học hứa hẹn nhờ vào cấu trúc phenolic và đặc tính chống oxy hóa. Bài viết cũng thảo luận chi tiết về nhiều kỹ thuật sáng tạo được sử dụng để sản xuất eco-enzyme từ các nguyên liệu thô khác nhau. Những kỹ thuật này tiết kiệm chi phí, thân thiện với môi trường và có tính ứng dụng đa năng. Việc sản xuất eco-enzyme không chỉ giúp giảm thiểu sự tích tụ rác thải hữu cơ mà còn cung cấp chất thay thế cho các hóa chất tổng hợp độc hại cho sức khỏe con người và môi trường. Ngoài ra, bài tổng quan còn đề cập đến các ứng dụng chính của eco-enzyme, bao gồm lau sàn, rửa dụng cụ, làm vườn và các kỹ thuật tái chế, tái sử dụng rác thải tự nhiên sáng tạo khác giúp giảm thiểu lãng phí trái cây.
Summary:
Eco-enzyme is a type of natural compound that can be extracted normally from citrus fruit peels or waste and various other sources. It is a complex solution produced by the fermentation fresh kitchen waste such as vegetable and fruit peels. It is a type of vinegar made by fermenting food waste with sugar to form alcohol. Eco-enzyme is fermented solution made from a mixture of sugar, fruit peels, and water mostly in a ratio of 1:3:10. This review, in particular, focuses on the citrus Eco-enzyme as citrus fruit extracts and citrus flavonoids have the potential to possess promising biological characteristics due to their phenolic profile and antioxidant properties. Numerous innovative techniques used to produce eco-enzymes using different raw materials have been discussed in detail. Such techniques are cost-effective, eco-friendly, and possess multipurpose applications. The production of eco-enzyme not only lessens the compilation of organic waste but also provides a substitute for synthetic chemicals that are harmful to both human health and the environment. However, the major applications, including cleaning floors, utensils, gardening, and other innovative techniques of recycling and reusing natural trash that will assist in reducing fruit waste, have been explored in the present review.
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